1. Core Commitment

The Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia (PTJI) prioritizes the accuracy and trustworthiness of its published content (the Version of Record, or VoR). The journal is committed to addressing all errors, ethical breaches, and instances of misconduct promptly and transparently. Any correction [link] or retraction [link] action taken will be permanently documented, linked to the original article, and performed based on Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines, thereby maintaining the integrity of the scientific record.

2. Policy on Corrections

A correction is issued when errors or omissions in a published article affect its interpretation or readability but do not undermine the scientific validity of the core research findings.

A. Types of Formal Corrections

PTJI uses specific terminology based on where the error originated:

B. Minor vs. Major Errors

• Minor Errors (e.g., typos, formatting): These usually do not warrant a separate published notice. They may be corrected directly in the online article (HTML/PDF) at the Editor-in-Chief's discretion, with a small footnote indicating the date and nature of the change. Requests for simple stylistic changes may be declined to prevent issues with indexing databases.
• Major Errors: When a formal correction (Corrigendum or Erratum) is necessary, a dedicated notice explaining the change will be drafted. This notice will be published immediately online, appear in the next print issue, and be prominently linked to the updated online Version of Record.

3. Policy on Retraction

A Retraction is the most serious public notice, used when an article's results or conclusions are determined to be unreliable due to fundamental errors or breaches of scholarly ethics.

A. Grounds for Retraction

An article may be retracted following an investigation (typically aligning with COPE guidelines) if any of the following are confirmed:

• The fundamental findings are based on unreliable data (even due to honest error).
• Confirmed instances of misconduct (e.g., plagiarism, data fabrication, image manipulation).
• Redundant/Duplicate publication without proper disclosure.
• Evidence of a compromised or manipulated peer review process.
• Failure by authors to verify their work, provide raw data, or confirm their participation.
• The research violates ethical standards.

B. Retraction Procedure

1. The Editor-in-Chief and Publisher will investigate the issue and give the authors a chance to respond.
2. The Editor-in-Chief makes the final, independent decision to retract; author approval is not required.
3. A formal Retraction Notice detailing the reason will be published.
4. The original article remains online, but its text is replaced by the metadata and the full Retraction Notice. The PDF will be branded with a permanent "Retracted" watermark.
5. Retraction notices are indexed in databases. Note: Article Processing Charges (APCs) are not refunded if an article is retracted.

4. Expression of Concern

The Editor-in-Chief may issue an Expression of Concern when serious ethical or validity issues are under review, but the investigation is ongoing or inconclusive. This immediate notice alerts readers to potential problems and is published without requiring author permission. It will be replaced by a final notice (Correction or Retraction) once the investigation concludes.

5. Article Removal (Exceptional Circumstance)

Complete removal of an article from all databases is extremely rare and only reserved for legal necessity. This action is limited to cases involving:

• Defamatory or libelous content.
• Content posing an immediate, serious risk to public health or safety.

Inappropriate violation of a research participant's privacy.
In these situations, the article text is removed, leaving only the title and authors with a note confirming the removal was for legal reasons.