The correlations between kinesiophobia and shoulder pain, joint position sense, quality of life, and functional performance in patients with shoulder instability: A cross-sectional study

  • Ahmad Talal Khiyami Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • Raed Saleh Almalki Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • Safwan Habeebullah Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdullah Medical Complex Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • Nora Alkhouildi Alkhouildi Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • Sultan Mohammed Aldhafri Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • Riyadh Ghazali Banjar Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • Mansour Saeed Alzahrani Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • Ehab Mustafa Alyamany Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • Abdulrhman Mohammed Alharbi Department of Sports Medicine, Mahd Academy, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • Ali Saleh Alesmail Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdullah Medical Complex Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • Abdullah Mohammed Alfadel Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdullah Medical Complex Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • Mona Awaji Alfawd Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Samtah General Hospital, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • Ahmad Mohiddin Gadah Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • Rawan Baleegh Alwafi Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Keywords: joint position sense, kinesiophobia, quality of life, shoulder instability, shoulder pain

Abstract

Introduction: Shoulder pain significantly affects quality of life and functional performance. Psychological factors, particularly kinesiophobia, fear of movement due to anticipated pain or injury, are crucial to consider, as they can intensify pain and hinder recovery. This study aimed to explore the relationship between kinesiophobia and various dimensions of shoulder pain, including pain intensity, functional limitations, and quality of life.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 participants (60 males, 20 females) experiencing shoulder pain. Participants completed the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and the Quality of Life Index (QOL). Spearman's correlation and regression analyses were used to assess the relationships between kinesiophobia, pain, and function. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results: A weak but statistically significant positive correlation was found between TSK and SPADI (ρ = 0.237, p = 0.027). No significant correlations were observed between TSK and QOL (ρ = −0.058, p = 0.617) or JPS at 50°, 90°, and 125° of flexion (all p > 0.05). TSK significantly predicted SPADI scores (β = 0.260, p = 0.015), with each unit increase in TSK corresponding to a 0.574-point increase in SPADI.

Conclusion: Our findings indicated that higher TSK scores were associated with increased SPADI scores in individuals with shoulder instability and pain, but show little correlation with QOL or JPS.

Author Biographies

Ahmad Talal Khiyami, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Raed Saleh Almalki, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Safwan Habeebullah, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdullah Medical Complex Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdullah Medical Complex Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Nora Alkhouildi Alkhouildi, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Sultan Mohammed Aldhafri, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Riyadh Ghazali Banjar, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Mansour Saeed Alzahrani, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Ehab Mustafa Alyamany, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abdulrhman Mohammed Alharbi, Department of Sports Medicine, Mahd Academy, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Sports Medicine, Mahd Academy, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Ali Saleh Alesmail, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdullah Medical Complex Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdullah Medical Complex Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abdullah Mohammed Alfadel, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdullah Medical Complex Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdullah Medical Complex Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Mona Awaji Alfawd, Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Samtah General Hospital, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Samtah General Hospital, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Ahmad Mohiddin Gadah, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Rawan Baleegh Alwafi, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Medical Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Published
2025-08-08